Peer-Reviewed Academic Journal
Continental Journal of Applied Sciences
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Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Okra Grown in Waste Water and Deepwell Sites at Ibadan

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Abstract

Okra grown at two different production sites (wastewater and deep well irrigated sites) in Ibadan was analyzed for heavy metal contamination. Cr and Pb in both sites and Mn in Iletitun were below detection limits in the water, but occurred at different concentrations in the soil, with Podo having several fold more in all heavy metals tested, but the concentration was below the maximum permissible limit set by Great Britain. Okra planted in the Podo site accumulate higher concentrations of heavy metals. Roots had higher concentrations of Cr, Pb and Fe. Concentrations of essential elements (Zn, Mn and Cu) were higher in the root. Transfer factors (TF) of non-essential elements (Cr and Pb) were several times higher in Podo. Transfer factors for Cu and Zn were higher at Iletitun. Okra grown in a polluted site accumulated heavy metals above both the Indian and WHO/FAO recommended limits. There is a need to adopt technology that will reduce the uptake of heavy metals by the crop to reduce health risk.

Keywords

#Okra #waste #heavy metals #accumulation #vegetable
Publication Date April 28, 2026
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 10.5281/zenodo.2529974
Journal Volume & Issue Vol 14