This paper examined the nexus between natural resources and the border dispute between Nigeria and Cameroon. The study specifically investigated the causes and consequences of the conflict between the two countries on the socio-economic lives of their citizens. The paper relied on logical evaluation of secondary data generated from the reanalysis
of existing literature. Findings from the study indicated that the conflict issue between Nigeria and Cameroon revolves around dispute over the control of the Bakassi peninsula as both countries laid claim to its ownership because of its rich oil deposits and its indispensability as the economic lifeline of the Bakkasi indigenes. The conflict over the peninsula has imposed socio-economic hardship, especially on the Nigerians living in the old and new Bakassi Peninsula. The border dispute was largely managed through the adjudication of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which primarily favoured Cameroon, but which has greatly de-escalated the conflict between the two countries. The study recommended that the socio-economic lives of Nigerians
and Cameroonians, who were dislocated by the outcome of the judicial process, should be improved upon with credible re-settlement programme and economic empowerment while both countries should continue to adhere to the judgement of the ICJ to enhance the sustenance of peaceful co-existence currently being enjoyed within the Bakassi peninsula.